Historically, the region of Middle East is greatly dominated by the rivalry and conflicts between two regional powers; such as, Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for last few decades. Ideological differences may be one of the major root causes of their tensions; however, struggle for power politics in the region is also a prominent factor of hostile bilateral ties. Similarly, confronting interests of the two regional States in the civil and proxy wars in various countries of Middle East such as, Syria, Yemen and Iraq, are also a major source of contention between Iran and KSA.
Keeping such rivalries and confrontations asides, most recently highly positive developments occurred between Iran and KSA; which are declared as game changer for the region. With the Help of China’s mediation, KSA and Iran have agreed to resume their diplomatic ties, which were cut off in 2016. This agreement has several important aspects and will have some significant regional as well as bilateral implications.
The agreement between KSA and Iran is probably a foundation for starting a new era; an era of dialogue and trust. It is probably the time that both nations have realized the fact that hard power and military solutions are not the only way to achieve their foreign policy goals. In this regard, long-lasting talks, peaceful coordination and cooperation on various economic, social, cultural and strategic issues may be more fruitful, in terms of pursuing their long term interests. More importantly, this is the first and prominent step towards century of Asia. Asian states are deciding their own fates by themselves, and the role of the west is decreasing in this regard.
Leading the initiative by China is the most pivotal factor in the whole process; which shows the significant role and ambitions of the economic giant in the region. China is pursuing its grand geo-economic agenda under the banner of Belt and Road Initiative across the world. Middle East in this regard is extremely important for China, as the region is Oil sufficient and is economic hotspot. Thus, mediation role of China in this regard, and its previous 25 years deal with Iran, show China’s future intention towards the region. Similarly, China is proving itself as a peace and power broker globally as well as regionally, who really believes in peace, multilateralism, cooperation and economic & political integration.
It is too early to say something about this but it is hoped that this will be proven as a milestone in the reduction of tensions in the whole region. Both powers might get some control on the conflict in Yemen. Similarly, in future, there are chances of some consensus on political instability in countries like Syria, Lebanon and Iraq; if KSA and Iran move smoothly on the recent agreement. Overall, the deal is a strong initiative and foundation of negotiation, peaceful dialogue and rational debate over several issues in the region. For Iran, the deal specially holds immense importance, as the country faces severe economic and political isolation; thus, the deal may be a fresh air of cooperation and engagement.
Moreover, the United States has welcomed the recent developments between KSA and Iran; however, it is a major setback for the US and its western allies, who always want Iran a wrecked, neglected and isolated state. The Abraham Accord was one of the important initiatives of the US to shape regional politics according to its desires. The ultimate goals were to normalize ties between Israel and Arab countries and push Iran to further isolation. Similarly, key role of China in the recent deal is also a sign of worry for the US. For last few years, the US and China are involved in tremendous economic and strategic competition; therefore, the Increasing China’s role in Middle east will definitely challenge US interests in the region.
On the other hand, this deal clarifies few significant things regarding Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy as well. It reflects vision of Muhammad bin Salman; who aims to revisit KSA policies on several fronts. The KSA tends to adopt more rational, interactive and pragmatic approach towards regional issues. In this regards, it not only wants to search out peaceful means for the settlement of Yemen crisis, but started comprehensive dialogue with Iran as well. More importantly, the recent developments show that how KSA is shifting its foreign policy towards independency and eastern-centric, unlike past.
Moreover, Pakistan should also consider this deal highly optimistic and a valuable opportunity. Pakistan’s foreign policy is greatly dominated by KSA-Iran tensions over the year. Thus, this is unique point for the policy makers of Pakistan as well to avail the KSA-Iran agreement into its own benefits. On one side, Saudi Arabia is one of the most trusted economic and strategic partners of Pakistan, on the hand, Iran is important neighbor. One has rightly said that, a state can change friend and enemy but it cannot change neighbors. Thus, this is the point where Pakistan needs to adopt more practical and proactive approach and shape long-lasting ties with the both regional powers.
By Barkat Ullah.
The writer currently works as a Research Associate in International Parliamentarians’ Congress Islamabad. He has wide experience of writings for various Newspapers. He has a special focus on Afghanistan. He tweets on @BarkatViews.
